What does the Treaty say?

The Treaty of Waitangi is made up of three articles. In general terms, it says:

  1. Māori cede sovereignty to the British Crown,
  2. The British Crown guarantees Māori the protection of their lands, homes and other possessions,
  3. Māori are granted the same rights as British subjects.

The Treaty was written in both English and Māori. The three articles are summarised as follows:

  • Article 1:

    • Māori cede sovereignty or kawanatanga to the Crown.

  • Article 2:

    • Guarantees to the chiefs, the tribes and all the people of New Zealand te tino rangatiratanga (possession) of their lands, homes, and other possessions.

    • Also gives the Crown exclusive right to purchase Māori land.

  • Article 3:

    • Promises Māori the same rights and protections as British subjects.

The Treaty was intended as a document of unification, extending British legal protection to Māori while establishing British authority over New Zealand. 

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